自然与文化遗产保护中几个问题的探讨

Discussion on the scientific research of natural and cultural heritage

自然与文化遗产是祖先留给我们的宝贵资源,也是全人类的共同财富。随着人们对遗产价值的认识和理解的不断深入,特别是由于环境变化和不可持续的经济增长方式的影响造成了自然和文化遗产破坏的日益加剧,遗产保护问题已经成为国际社会和学术界关注的热点之一。本文系统阐述了当前自然与文化遗产保护与管理中应当重点关注的几个问题,包括:在重视申报的同时注重遗产的发掘、整理和保护;正确处理遗产保护与发展的关系;强调遗产地保护中的自然与文化的综合研究;重视周边社区对遗产保护的重要作用;在更广泛的意义上关注遗产类型;加强遗产保护与管理的科学研究等。

With the outstanding universal value, the precious natural and cultural heritages are the treasures left over by our ancestors. With constant deepening in the knowledge and understanding to this value, especially the aggravated damage to the natural and cultural heritages caused by natural disasters and unsustainable economic growth, the world heritage protection and heritage site development have become one of the hotspots attracting the worldwide attention. Scientific research is an important base for the heritage protection, which can provide the theoretical support for heritage protection and its sustainable development. Thus, to identify the scientific issues is of vital importance in the heritage research. In this paper, the authors discuss some key issues relating to the natural and cultural heritage protection, management and sustainable development systematically, which are as follows. （1） paying more attention to the discovery and protection of the national heritages while applying to be listed on the World Heritage List; （2） harmonizing the relationship between the protection and sustainable development of the heritage sites based on the principle of ＂dynamic conservation＂ ; （3）promoting the synthesized research of natural and cultural heritages; （4） implementing ＂participatory management＂ strategy by bringing into full play the role of the neighboring communities in protecting heritage sites; （5） understanding the ＂world heritage＂ in a broad sense which should include not only the world heritages accepted by the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage but also ones such as GIAHS, nature reserve, geopark, industrial heritage etc. ; and （6） strengthening the scientific research of the heritage protection including the theories and methodology of protection, and sustainable management approaches.