叶圣陶、张天翼童话之比较

A Comparative Study between Ye Shengtao's Fairy Stories and Zhang Tianyi's Fairytale Novels

2006年是张天翼诞辰100周年纪念。作为中国现代童话双子星座的叶圣陶与张天翼都一致地追求现实主义精神,但他们的现实主义精神在童话幻想艺术中有着不同的取向与显现。论文从微与宏、讽与刺,潜与显三个方面入手,论证了这种区别及意义:20年代叶圣陶的短篇童话是以“讽他一下’的冷峻笔触,透过“微小事件”来揭示中国社会的人世相,社会相,从而开辟了童话创作的现实主义道路;30年代张天翼的长篇童话,则是以“刺他一下”的战斗激情,紧密结合当时中国社会的宏大事件,显示出自觉追踪时代精神的主体意识,把现实主义的童话创作推向了新的阶段。这两者的交融、互补,构成了中国现代童话创作现实主义精神的丰富格局,并直接影响了整个中国20世纪儿童文学创作的现实主义思潮。

The Year 2006 is the centennial anniversary of the birthday of Zhang Tian-yi, the noted writer of Chinese children literature. Being praised as the ＂Binary Star Constellation＂, both Ye Shengtao and Zhang Tianyi＇carried out their artistic pursuit with realistic spirit; yet their realistic spirit differs in the orientation and manifestation of the art of fantasy of fairytale writing. This paper explores the very difference and its significance through the following three issues： 1） the microcosmic versus the macroscopic; 2） the satiric versus the critical; 3） the implicit versus the explicit. In the 20＇s of tweentith century, Ye Shengtao＇s fairy stories were written with the caustic touch of pen to satirize, revealling the life phase and social phase in Chinese society, consequently opening up the way for the realistic creation of fairy stories; Meanwhile in the 30＇s of tweentith century, Zhang Tian-yi wrote fairy tale novels with the militant spirit of ＂bitter criticism＂, closely observing the the great events in Chinese society at that time, displaying the ontological consciousness of following the spirit and treands of the time, consequently propeling the realistic creation of fairy stories into a new phase of development. The integration and supplement of both ways built up the rich and colourful situation of the modem Chinese fairy tale creation with realistic spirit, and directly influenced the realistic trends of Chinese children＇s literature production in 20^th century.