札剌亦儿万户、千户编组与变迁

ORGANIZATIONS AND CHANGES OF ZHALAYIER WANHU AND QIANHU

1206年,成吉思汗授封札剌亦儿部木华黎万户一职,并令其“子孙传国,世世无绝”。之后,虽然承袭“国王”者即继任万户,但其势力却日渐削弱。入元后,因战势所需,札剌亦儿部勋臣又多受任蒙古军万户,从而逐渐替代了早期万户。在授封万户的同时,于成吉思汗建国初及其季年,又编组为若干札剌亦儿千户。然而,受蒙元一代奉行不替的签军制而分戍他处或留居食邑以及几度汗位争夺,加之北元初期南北对峙、东西蒙古势力消长等因素的影响,札剌亦儿千户也随之有所变迁。

In 1206, Genghis khan awarded Muhuali from Zhalayier a post and rank of wanhu （ a marquis with a fief of 10,000 families）, ordering his descendants to hand down the power from generation to generation. And then, though inheriting ＂monarch＂ succeeded the descendants as wanhu, their power weakened with each passing day. In the Yuan Dynasty, due to wars, officials with notable exploits were appointed as Mongolian Army Wanhu instead of the early Wanhu step by step. At the beginning of the founding by Genghis khan as well as in the years that followed, a certain number of Zhalayier Qianhu were organized. However, the Yuan Dynasty followed the invariable detachment system that stationed the troops in other places and resided in their feoff and fought for khan power, in addition, at the beginning of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, the north and the south confronted each other and the eastern and western forces decreased and increased. As a result, Zhalayier Qianhu changed to some extent.