客车车架有限元静力学分析

Finite element static analysis of passenger car frame

用有限元分析方法研究车架三维实体建模过程中的关键技术问题,选用CATIA软件建立车架的三维实体模型,在此基础,研究车架有限元模型的建模方法,包括CAD模型的导入、主坐标系的建立、单元的选择、模型的简化原则等,并应用有限元分析软件ANSYS7．0建立客车车架的有限元模型,对车架进行结构静力分析,计算该车架结构在弯曲工况下的刚度、强度,并对计算结果进行评价,提出相应的结构改进建议．结果表明：该车架结构的整体弯曲刚度、局部弯曲刚度均符合要求,并且远远超出规定,应通过合理的改进措施将其确定在合适范围内；该车架结构的弯曲应力在材料的屈服极限以内,弯曲应力余量较大；另外,车架存在局部应力集中现象．所以,必须对车架进行结构优化．为客车车架的设计与制造提供了理论依据．

In this paper, the key technologies of bus frame 3D modeling are studied using finite element analysis method. CATIA is used to build 3D model. Based on this, the modeling method of FEM model is researched including CAD model introduced, main coordination system defined, element selected and model simplified, and using a software - ANSYS7.0, FEM model is built. The static strength of the frame is analyzed. The frame＇ s strength and stiffness in the condition of bending are calculated, the results of calculation are evaluated, and the suggestions to improve the frame＇ s structure are given. The results show that the bending stiffness of frame are not only satisfied, but also exceed the requirements a lot. So some improvements must be taken. The bending is abundant, in addition, stresses concentrated on some local places. Therefore, the bus frame must be optimized. All studies provide the theoretical basis for designing and manufacturing passenger Car frame.