青海省东部山区旱作农田土壤团聚体特征研究

Characteristics of Aggregates of Arid Soil in Eastern Mountain Area of Qinghai

比较了青海省东部山区垂直梯度分布的三种早作农田土壤（黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土），在0～60cm土层的不同粒级土壤风干团聚体和水稳性团聚体含量间的差异，并结合其它土壤质量指标（有机质、粘粒）对不同土壤结构和抗侵蚀能力进行了综合评价。结果表明，〉0．25cm风干团聚体、〉0．25cm水稳性团聚体含量和土壤有机质含量与土壤类型间有密切关系。均表现为黑钙土〉栗钙土〉灰钙土。黑钙土和栗钙土的土壤有机质含量与〉0．25mm水稳性团聚体间存在显著正相关关系（P〈0．05），灰钙土则无明显相关性；三种土壤粘粒含量与〉0．25mm风干团聚体和0．25mm水稳性团聚体含量间无明显相关性。各项指标综合比较，三种土壤抗侵蚀能力大小为：黑钙土〉栗钙土〉灰钙土。

The differences of soil air-dried aggregates, water-stable aggregates and some soil quality indicators （soil organic matter, clay） among three arid soil （chernozems , castanozems, sierozem ） in 0 -60 cm soil depth in Qinghai province were compared in this paper. The result showed that the content of 〉0.25ram air-dried aggregates, 〉0.25mm water - stable aggregates, clay and SOM was related to the soil type closely. The content of clay and SOM appeared to be positively correlated with that of 〉 0.25 ram air-dried aggregates and water-stable aggregates, and furthermore, clay content was negatively correlated with the rate of aggregates destruction. According to the results of above all, the ability of anti-erosion in the soil was found to be of the order： chernozems 〉 castanozems 〉 sierozem.