豫东沙区冬小麦套作花生轮作制度中磷肥分配施用效果的研究

Role of P Fertilizer in Sandy Soil in the Rotated Winter Wheat and Peanut System of Eastern Henan Province

在豫东沙区进行冬小麦套作花生轮作制度中磷肥分配施用效果试验。结果表明：冬小麦套作花生生长周期中土壤速效磷的变化规律为“冬低夏高”，最低值出现在冬小麦出苗至起身期，最高值出现在花生苗期至结荚期，施用磷肥不改变这一规律；施用磷肥具有明显的以磷增氮效应，冬小麦和花生的氮素吸收利用率分别增加7％～20％和12％～24％；在冬小麦套作花生轮作周期中磷肥分配应掌握“重冬轻夏”的原则，但在土壤速效磷含量较低、磷肥相对不足情况下，一次大量集中施用应慎重。

The experiment was conducted in sandy soil of Eastern Henan Province to investigate the effects of the allotment of P on different crops in the system of winter wheat intercropping with peanut. The results showed that soil available P represented the characteristics of ＂high in winter and low in summer＂ in the rotation. The minimum occurred in the period of winter wheat sprout to the start to grow while the maxmum occured in that of peanut seedling to harvest, and this trend did not change when P fertilizer was applied. The usage of P could noticeably increase the N uptake, and the uptake efficiency of N by winter wheat and peanut increased by 7 -20% and 12 -24%, respectively. It was noticed that P fertilizer should be used more to winter wheat and less to peanut in the rotation. More carefulness should be paid to once application of large amount of P when soil available P was low and lack of P fertilizer.