蚯蚓在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的应用前景

Potential Application of Earthworm for the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术是绿色生物技术,该技术的应用受制于两个主要因素:超积累植物生物量小和土壤中重金属有效性低。本文在收集大量资料基础上,论述了蚯蚓与重金属的相互关系:重金属对蚯蚓的毒理效应和蚯蚓对重金属的忍耐力。根据在重金属污染土壤中,蚯蚓活动能提高植物生物量和土壤中的重金属的生物有效性,论证了在重金属污染土壤植物修复技术中引入蚯蚓的可行性,并指出引入蚯蚓的植物修复技术当前的研究热点及今后的研究方向。

Phytoremediation to remediate heavy metal - contaminated soils has been widely accepted as a cost - effective, environmental - friendly technology. The primary objective of this technology !s to maximize the transfer of heavy metals to plant so that the greatest total mass of contaminant is removed by each cropping. Slower growth rate and lower biomass production of hyperaccumulators plant may limit the phytoremediation technology application, and the availability of heavy metals in soil for plant uptake also restrains its success. The paper discussed the toxicity of heavy metals to earthworms and the tolerance of earthworms to heavy metals. There are abound evidences that earthworms have the capability to enhance plants yield and increase the concentrations of available heavy metals in soil. It is most likely that earthworm activity can increase phytoremediation efficiency by improving soil conditions and enhancing plant growth and the uptake of heavy metals by plant. Further investigation is necessary to study the interaction mechanisms between earthworms and heavy metals in rhizosphere.