论马君武译《哀希腊歌》中的“讹”

Rethinking Ma Junwu's"Errors"in Translating Byron's"The Isles of Greece"

马君武翻译的《哀希腊歌》是拜伦该诗的第一个全译本,影响深远;但各评论家认为译文"失之粗豪"、"失之讹"、"重达而薄信"。一百年来,译界莫不以此为定评。然而,这些评论不仅属于感性印象,而且是非历史化的抽象批评;其理论前提是原作有一个恒定不变的意义,翻译者必须忠实地再现原作的意义。马君武的"讹"可以分为三类,均是有意识选择的结果,其合理性和有效性,应该由当时的社会文化关系未界定。清末民初翻译的功利性、翻译内涵和外延的泛化、马君武试图表现的政治寄托,他使译诗本土化的努力,以及流行翻译规范要求的归化表现策略等,使以译文中的"讹"成为可以理解和接受的选择。

Ma Junwu was the first scholar who translated the whole poem The Isles of Greece into Chinese. His version remains influential, yet it has been criticized time and again for being ＂rough and crude＂, ＂erroneous＂ and ＂more expressive than faithful＂. Although these negative assessments have long become part of the conventional wisdom about Ma＇s translation, they are both impressionistic and a-historical. Capable of being classified into three categories, Ma Junwu＇s ＂errors＂ are mostly his conscious choices. These choices are not without their justification when we consider the prevailing social and cultural conditions at the time of his translation. Factors such as the utilitarian nature of translation; the blurring borderline between the original and the translated work; the political aspiration Ma Junwu cherished; his determined effort to relate the poem to local conditions; and the domestication strategy defined by translation norms during that period, have all rendered the decisions he made understandable and acceptable.