政府定位与农村信用社改革

Roles of the Government and the Reform of Rural Credit Cooperatives in China

在中国,农村信用社一直被政府当作支持“三农”(农村、农业、农民)的工具而非独立的商业性金融机构。政府在农村信用社发展中既有无可替代的支持作用,又存在某些过度干预,这使得农村信用社治理结构薄弱,道德风险严重,难以持续发展。为将农村信用社建设成为商业可持续的农村金融机构,应区分金融和财政职能,理顺中央与地方政府对农村信用社的权责关系,划清监管者和管理者的界限,为农村信用社的可持续发展创造一个适宜的经营环境。

In China, Rural Credit Cooperatives （RCCs） have been regarded as tools to support agriculture, farmers and rural development, not as independent financial entities. To ensure that RCCs can function properly, the government has emphasized funding and other preferential policy support as well as control of management and operation of RCCs. However, as a critical force in promoting RCCs, the government has partly contributed to RCCs＇ weak governance structure and financial sustainability. In the future reforms of RCC, more attention should be paid to distinguishing function of fiscal and financial services, straightening duties and responsibilities of central and local governments in the development of RCCs, discerning relationship of a supervisor and a manager, and creating an enabling environment for RCC operation.