El　Nio与La　Nia期间大气加热场的特征及其对大气环流的影响

The Characteristics of Atmospheric Heating Field during El Nino and La Nina Period and Their Impact on Atmospheric Circulation

本文采用欧洲中心７层网格点逐月平均全球资料和同期美国ＫＷＢＣ的太平洋海温资料分析了１９８２年１月～１９８３年１２月ＥｌＮｉｎｏ期间和１９８８年１月￣１９８９年１２月ＬａＮｉｎａ期间大气加热场的特征。结果表明，海表温度异常时，海面向上输送的感热、潜热通量变化并不大，有时甚至出现和海温距平变化相反的趋势，而另一方面，各辐射量和凝结加热量变化却很重要。进一步本文又分别以多年平均的１２月、ＥｌＮｉｎｏ及ＬａＮｉｎａ强盛时的１９８２年１２月和１９８８年１２月的实测海温和实测大气资料为初值作了数值模拟，模拟的大气状况与真实大气状况一致。根据资料分析和数值模拟的结果，本文认为作大尺度中长期天气预报及研究海气相互作用时应充分考虑辐射收支和凝结加热量的变化。

Air-sea heat exchange, solar radiative heating, infrared radiative heating, condensation heating are calculated and analyzed for both 1982 / 1983 El Nino period and 1988 / 1989 La Nina period. It is found that sensible heat flux anomaly and latent heat flux anomaly from the sea surface to the air are not very large, while radiative heating anomaly and condensation heating anomaly are more important to the main troposphere. The numerical experiments for El Nino, La Nina and normal cases have been conducted with a nine-layer primitive-equation global general circulation model. The results o f the experiments show that during SST anomaly period, the temperature, pressure, humidity, wind field, atmospheric circulation, precipitation and heating field are changed. The integration produced key observed features of atmosphere system during winter 1982 / 1983, 1988 / 1989 periods. From the work shown in this paper, it is suggested that radiative heat budget and condensation heat be fully considered in making large scale long range weather forecast.