近20年华北地区土壤水储量变化趋势及水分管理与调配对策

The Trend of Soil Moisture Storage in the Last 20 Years and its Countermeasures of Water Management and Regulation over North China

从35个台站土壤湿度实测资料出发，探讨了近20年华北地区土壤水储量变化趋势及时空特征。结果表明：全区年平均0～50cm土壤水储量总体呈减少趋势，但区域差异明显。土壤变干最显著的两个中心区域分别为京津塘地区和山西西部，次显著中心为内蒙古东部。在0～50cm深度范围内，从地表面开始，随深度增加，土壤水储量的减少幅度逐渐增加，且季节特征明显，即春秋季减少幅度大于夏冬季。各分区土壤水储量的变化趋势呈现出显著的年代际特征，就0～50cm土壤水储量而言，各分区存在一个共同特点：1995～2002年均呈明显的波动下降变化趋势。土壤变干的趋势，对华北地区农业和生态具有一定的不利影响，因此结合区域实际提出相应的水分管理与调配措施。

The soil moisture data from 35 stations are employed to investigate the linear trend of soil moisture storage over North China in the last 20 years and its temporal and spatial features. The results show that the whole trends of annual mean soil moisture storage averaged by different soil layers from soil surface to top 50 cm is decreasing generally, but the geographical differences over the region are evident. Moreover, the most remarked centers of soil dryness are in the Jingjintang Region and in the western of Shanxi Province, respectively. From soil surface to top 50 cm, the decreasing extent of annual mean soil moisture storage for the region increases with vertical soil depth. The decreasing trend in spring and autumn are more evident than in summer and winter. The interdecadal variations of soil moisture storage for the different divisions show the different notable characteristics, but the common among them is the decrease over the period from 1995 to 2002. By combing the local and regional ecological and climatic features, it is discussed further that the disadvantageous influences of soil dryness on agriculture and ecology in North China as well as the corresponding measures of water management and regulation.