书院:明代心学建构与传播的主要依托

明代心学是批判程朱理学的产物。不但心学的建构是与书院密切关联的,而且面对官方的禁学,心学的代表人物及其门人纷纷创建、修复书院以传播心学,使心学成为明代的显学。为解决书院研究、传播心学与教授科举应试知识的矛盾,心学家主张将书院应试教育与传播心学结合起来,二者互为表里,使书院在研究、传播心学过程中发挥更大的作用。

The philosophy of Xin Xue in Ming Dynasty was the result of the judgments to the science of the Cheng Yi and Zhu xi. It was, however, not only closely relevant with the ancient academy, but also a for forbiddance to the government officials. The main representatives of philosophy of Xin Xue and their pupils all established and rehabilitated the ancient academy to transmit the philosophy of Xin Xue. Therefore, the philosophy of Xin Xue had been apparent in Ming Dynasty. To settle the paradoxes of the academy study, the transmission of philosophy of Xin Xue and instructing the Imperial Examination knowledge, the psychologists required the integration between philosophy of Xin Xue instruction and its transmission. The close relationship between the two aspects were affected each other to act the main role in the academy research and the transmission of philosophy of Xin Xue.