轻度弱智儿童语言能力的个案研究

A Case Study on Language Ability of a Child with Mildly Mental Retardation

通过研究一名5岁的轻度弱智儿童在自然情境中的自发性语言,从词类、语法结构、句子的平均长度、句法结构以及语用等方面分析其语言发展状况,探讨造成被试语言能力不足的原因。结果发现:被试使用的词汇中,大量为实词;被试的平均句子长度为2.07,仅相当于2岁左右正常儿童的水平;被试的交流、沟通技能明显不足;被试语用能力尚未形成,仍停留在自我中心的语言阶段。被试本身的认知水平不高和给予个案的语言刺激不够是造成其语言能力不足的主要原因。为个案营造一个良好的语言环境,加强亲子间的交流对于其语言能力的提高十分有利。

Through research on spontaneous language of a 5 - year - old child with mildly mental retardation in natural situations, this article analyzes the subject＇s language development in parts of speech, grammar structure, MLU, syntactic structure and pragmatics, and explores causes of the child＇s deficiency of language ability. The results show that most of the words that the subject uses are concrete words; MLU used by the child is 2.07 which is the level of 2 - year - old ordinary children ; there is obvious deficiency in the subject＇ s communication skills; the subject＇s ability of language use has not been formed and stays at the language phase of self- cen- teredness. Lower cognitive level of the subject and insufficient language input to the subject are main reasons of the subject＇s deficiency of language ability. Creating a good language environment for the subject and strengthen parent- child interaction are beneficial to the child＇s improvement of language ability.