中国的精英决策模式及发展趋势

Discussion on China's Elite Decision-making Mode and Developing Tendency

概述了西方精英模式的基本观点,论述了中国公共决策模式为精英模式的理论依据与现实依据,分析了改革开放前中国精英决策模式的构成是政治权力精英主导的决策模式,具体表现为政治权力精英与一般政治精英的合作决策模式。阐述了改革开放后中国精英决策模式演变的过程,指出随着社会精英的崛起,中国精英决策模式逐渐向政治精英与知识精英、经济精英合作的模式演变。并从多角度比较分析了中国精英决策模式与西方国家精英决策模式的区别:指出我国的精英构成、社会精英的实际政治地位与西方国家的精英构成及社会精英的实际政治地位存在差异;我国精英决策不只代表精英的观点,也反映人民的声音;我国的经济精英影响政策的能力远逊于西方国家的经济精英;我国政治精英与知识精英的合作决策不同于西方国家的精英合作决策。分析了中国精英决策模式的优缺点,指出了中国决策模式的发展趋势是精英决策与大众民主的调和。

With summarizing the basic viewpoints of western elite mode and discussing the theoretical and practical foundations of elite mode-Chinese public decision-making mode,this article analyzes the constitution of elite decision-making mode before China's open-door to the outside world,which is a decision-making mode led by political right elites and is a cooperating decision-making mode of political right elites and general political elites.Then the article discusses the evolution process of elite decision-making mode after China's open-door to the outside world and points out that China's elite decision-making mode is evolving to the cooperating mode of political elites,knowledge elites and economical elites.The differences between China's and western elite decision-making modes lie in the difference between the constitutions and political statuses of Chinese and western social elites,China's elite decision not only representing the elites' viewpoints but also reflecting the public's voice,the greater influencing capability of western economical elites,and cooperative decision-making of China's political elites and knowledgeable elites differing from those in the western countries.Finally,this article presents the advantages and disadvantages of China's elite decision-making mode and indicates that the developing tendency of China's decision-making mode is the harmony of elite decision-making and commonalty democracy.