波斯纳的比较管理优势说——兼论冲突法与自由贸易

Posner's Comparative Regulatory Advantage Theory——Conflicts Law and Free Trade

针对私法冲突,波斯纳(Richard A.Posner)提出了“比较管理优势说”(Comparative Regulatory Advan-tage Theory),分析一州在某类案件上的管理优势,主张适用符合比较管理优势标准的冲突法规范解决法律冲突。比较管理优势说以州为中心,运用法经济学方法分析了州际私法冲突,主张通过州与州间的合作实现冲突法效率的最大化。但该理论亦存在很多的缺陷与不足。以比较管理优势说为起点,运用贸易理论上的绝对优势与相对优势模型,结合法院地法主义与适当的适用外国法的理念,我们可以看出冲突法在法律适用上应追求“自由贸易”。

Put forward by Richard Posner, Comparative Regulatory Advantage Theory analyzes the advantage of a state to regulate cases of meet the criterion of comparative regulato a particular legal area and holds that choice of law rules shall ry advantage. From the perspective of state, Comparative Regulatory Advantage Theory analyzes conflict of laws and requires cooperation between states to fulfill economic functions of conflicts law. However, the theory is far from perfect. This paper reviews, comments and criticizes the theory. Furthermore, it advocates ＂free trade＂ in choice of law through absolute and comparative advantage trade theory models.