从粮食自给率来看中国粮食政策

Analysing the Food Policy from the Grain Self-sufficient Rate

粮食安全对经济安全的极端重要性,决定了必须保持较高的粮食自给率。但是,自给率过高在经济上和生态上都是不可持续的。粮食需求是一个刚性问题,粮食自给率的问题实质是如何提高粮食产量。提高粮食产量的主要因素还是技术创新和相应的制度创新。可持续性的粮食政策是指这些政策既保证粮食产量的长足增长,又符合生态和经济上的可持续性,还能维持粮食生产能力的代际公平。主要包括增加绿色农业技术的科研投入、制度创新以构建有效的农村制度结构、发展生态农业等具体政策。

Food security is very important to the economy security, which requires to keep high grain self- sufficient rate. However, high rate is not sustainable from the view of economy and ecology. Food demand is a rigid problem, the essence of the problem of grain self- sufficient rate is how to increase crop production. The main factors of increasing grain output are technical innovation and institutional innovation. The sustainable food policy refers to not only can ensuring the longterm increasing of grain production and according with the sustainable character of economy and ecology, but also maintaining the equity between generations on food productive ability. These policies chiefly involve advancing R＆D investment on green agricultural technology, institutional innovating for building efficiently agricultural institutional structure, developing ecoagriculture.