唐山市采煤塌陷区景观生态重建研究

Research on Ecological Landscape Rehabilitation in Mining Subsidence Area in Tangshan

在分析唐山市采煤引起的地表塌陷及对生态环境影响的基础上,从景观生态重建基本原理及重建模式两方面对该地区近年来采煤塌陷区生态重建成果进行了总结。研究认为采煤塌陷区景观生态重建应遵循的基本原理主要有:适应自然原则、人类调控与生物共生相协调原则、景观生态系统的稳定和演替理论、保护和增加景观多样性和异质性原则,社会—经济—自然复合生态系统有效性与稳定性相统一原则、优化功能原则,以及局部控制、整体调节,因地制宜、近远结合原则。唐山市采煤塌陷区景观生态重建模式主要有:生态农业景观重建模式、矸石充填建筑重建模式和塌陷区生态恢复重建模式。

Based on analysis of the mining subsidence influence on ecological environment, this paper generalized the accomplishments about ecological rehabilitation in recent years. The analytical result revealed that the basic principles of landscape ecological rehabilitation in mining subsidence areas can be summarized into following principles, i.e. the principle of adapting to nature, the coordinated principle of human adjustment with biological intergrowth, the principle of the stabilization and succession of landscape ecosystem, the protection and increase of the heterogeneity and diversity of landscape, the principle of the unification of validity and stability in compound ecosystem about society-economy-nature, and the principle of local controlling, overall regulation, adaptation to local conditions and the combination of near and far. The patterns of ecological landscape rehabilitation include landscape rehabilitation in agriculture, filling gangue for building rehabilitation and ecological recovery rehabilitation in subsidence.