关联与预设

The Relevance Account of Pragmatic Presuppositions

本文从关联理论入手，探讨了语用预设的认知心理理据。语用预设涉及听话者在交际过程中的认知推理和心理运算。语用预设产生于交际参与者对话语关联性的寻求。语用预设常常涉及到说话人和听话人的背景知识、语用意图。在认知语境中，关联度越大，语用预设越明显；关联度越小，语用预设越隐含。本文认为，关联理论可以为语用预设的研究提供一个新的理论视角，它以认知语境和最佳关联为手段，可揭示语用预设的相关信息。我们强调，预设的研究必须是多视角、多学科性的。

This paper discusses the motivations of pragmatic presuppositions from the perspective of relevance theory. As the presuppositions have the characteristics of complexity, dynamism and instability,this paper points out that presupposition should be studied from multiimension,and multisubjects,among which relevance theory can provide a new perspective for the study of presupposition. The study of this paper shows that the higher the degree of the relevance is, the more obvious the pragmatic presupposition is. The lower the degree of relevance is,the more covert the pragmatic presupposition is. The relevance theory has a strong explanatory force on the presuppoition.