黄河中下游泥沙通量变化规律

Variation Trend of Sediment Flux in the Middle and Lower Streams of the Yellow River

根据黄河中下游多个主要水文控制站50多年的实测资料,利用水文学、泥沙运动力学、河床演变学和经验统计相结合的分析方法,分析黄河中下游泥沙通量的变化规律。结果表明,黄河中下游泥沙通量递减的同时泥沙粒径变细,人为因素影响巨大;中下游泥沙通量变化具有阶段性、季节性和自相关性。黄河下游河道泥沙冲刷与淤积均具有上段变化大、下段变化小的特点,这是由河道下游上宽下窄、上陡下缓特征决定的;下游河道输沙能力影响因子中,河道水量尤其是汛期水量起主要作用。

According to the measured data of sediment of many important hydrological stations in the middle and lower stream of the Yellow River for more than 50 years, the multi - method of hydrology, mechanics of sediment transport, fluvial process and statistics are applied to study the patterns of variations in the sediment flux in recent 50 years. The result shows that. 1） the sediment flux decreased apparently and became finer and finer during the past 50 years for the main reason of human activities;2） an apparent seasonal, periodic and autoregressive variation of sediment flux existed;3） both the erosion and the deposition in the lower stream of the Yellow River had the character that upside changed more quickly than the downside for the reason of the river itself;4） the coming water flux especially the flux from flood seasons played the main role in the sediment transportation in the lower stream of the Yellow River.