上海城市边缘区样带LUCC的生态效应分析

Analysis on the Ecological Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC) of the Urban Fringe Sample Zone in Shanghai

为分析城市化土地利用变化对区域生态效应的影响,根据相关社会经济统计数据和上海1987年、1995年、2003年3期Landsat5 TM遥感影像记录的土地利用/覆被数据,运用RS和GIS技术,以上海西南城市边缘区典型轴向城市化样带为例,采用生态足迹法分析该样带内人类的生态供给与需求;提出评价区域人类活动生态效应的新计算方法,得出区域生态效应综合指数与弹性指数的模型,并根据该模型计算出的指数,对样带区域总体及其中城乡区域在城市化过程中的生态效应进行比较与动态分析。结果表明:1)区域生态效应是区域人类活动生态正、负效应叠加后的综合效应;2)区域生态效应具有惯性,人类不合理开发所致的区域生态环境现状在相当一段时期内还将持续;3)20年来该样带城市化区域生态环境质量呈现骤减、缓减、恢复的过程;4)以土地利用为主要表征的城市化使城乡区域生态效应的性质和强度产生空间分异,城市边缘区的生态正、负效应正发生着新一轮平衡,且对整个样带生态系统发挥良性作用。

In the case of typical axial urbanization sample zone of urban fringe on the southwest of Shanghai City, the human ecological accommodation and consumption is calculated with the ecological footprint model, using the land use / land cover data interpreted by the RS and GIS tools from Landsat5 TM images of 1987,1995 and 2003, and some relevant socioeconomic statistic data. Based on the calculation and analysis to its results,a new method to evaluate the ecological effect which is caused by the human activities is put forward, educing 2 models：the Integrated Index of Regional Ecological Effect （IIREE） and the Flexible Index of Regional Ecological Effect （μ△）. And then the comparison and dynamic analysis to the ecological effect in the sample zone and its urban/rural area are carried out according to the models. Some factors of the ecological effect in the regional urbanization are found through these quantificational spatial - temporal researches： 1） the regional ecological effect have both the positive effect and the negative effect, which is a integrated concept ;2） the regional ecological effect have a strong inertia, so the actuality in sequence of the former human improper deveopment makes the urban ecoenvironment pressure unspent in the short time （μ△ Semple Zone1995-2003 is still minus ） ;3） during the 2 decades or so, the eco - environment levi of the sample zone descends rapidly first （ AIIREE Semple Zone1987- 1995=- 0. 133, μ△ Semple Zone1987-1995 = - 1.537）, and then goes tardily（ AIIREE Semple Zone1995- 2003 = -0.0 11,μ△ Semple Zone1995- 2003 = - 0.0 13）, and now presents some reversion phenomena under the influence of the human urbanization; 4） the human activity of the urbanization, mainly embodied by the land use, makes the spatial differentia of the regional ecological effect character and intensity take place, and the new urbanization happened at present in the former urban area of the urban fringe seems to exert more positive power on the whole ecosystem than in the former rural area（the decreasing extent during 1995 to 2003 of IIREErural（-0.009） is less than IIREErural （-0.074） ）.