私法视野里的权利限制

On the Meaning of Restriction on Right

权利限制通过限制冲突中的权利,使多种权利得以和谐共处,而成为权利冲突的基本纠偏机制。权利限制并非权利的固有属性,而是外设于权利边界上的限制。权利限制使被限制权利方受有容忍拘束,相对方居于优先地位,并可成为侵权责任免责根据。在特定情形下,权利限制还可引发财产权属变动。权利限制也须被限制,这些限制包括遵守权利位阶的原则、法律保留原则、比例原则等。

Restriction on right is the fundamental means to deal with the conflict of rights. It is not the inherent nature of right, but it is a outside restriction of right. It can make the restricted - right burden tolerance＂obligation＂, the counterparty become priority, and be excuse of tort. Sometimes it can lead to the change of right holder. It should obey some rule , such as the rule of right - hierarchy, the rule of proportion.