北京中关村高新技术企业的集聚与扩散

AGGLOMERATION AND DESPERSION OF NEW AND HIGH TECHNICAL INDUSTRIES IN THE ZHONGGUANGCUN AREA IN BEIJING

本文在调查研究的基础上，对北京中关村新技术企业集聚区域的企业衍生、集聚与扩散因素，以及企业的异地发展和地区内的商业区化趋势进行了讨论。结论指出，中关村新技术集聚体是我国高新技术产业的重要基地，国家对高新技术企业必须进行及时的有效支持和引导，使之获得健康的持续发展。和国外高技术综合体类似，培育企业家创新能力以及加强本地的企业联系和合作是北京新技术集聚体成功的两个最重要的保证。

This paper examines the Beijing's new-tech agglomeration centered on Beijing New-tech Experimental Zone which is proved to be China's most intense concentration of innovative business activity.It analyzes the spin-off process of new-tech firms,illustrates the factors influencing the agglomeration and dispersion of the new-tech firms and detects their dispersion patterns and ongoing changes.Five agglomeration factors are:access to universities and research institutes,information availability,access to market,tax policy and ability to link public and private entites(network relationships,regulations).Among them the first and second ones are major agglomeration factors.Two dispersion factors are:high land costand house rent:and poor traffic conditions.Since the Electronic Street came out,there has been a tendency for some research and development facilities and production operations to migrate from Beijing to coastal cities in southeastern China.At present time there are branch plans of the companies all over the country except Tibet and Ningxia autonomous region.The distribution of the total revenues is highly concentrated In southeastern China.Not withstanding the many benefits that China derives from the Beijing New-Tech Experimental Zone,contentions issues remain.Because R&D expenditures are very low,the companies have to involve in a lot of commercial activities.The commercialization of Zhongguancun area is clearly seen.There is a danger that Zhongguancun area could turn into an electronic commercial area but not into a new-and high-tech innovation area.Beijing's experience emphasizes the importance of establishing an new financial mechanism to support Chinese new-and high-tech enterprises.Creating industrial dynamism,fostering innovation and effective inter-firm linkage,upgrading industrial structure and achieving competitive advantageare the key to the economic performance of Beijing's new-tech agglomeration.