东海、黄海鱼类群落结构的季节变化研究

A study on seasonal CHANGs of the fish communities in the East China Sea and the Huanghai Sea

根据2000年春(4月)、夏(6月)、秋(9月)、冬(12月)四季东海、黄海底拖网鱼类资源调查资料,分析了该海域的鱼类群落结构的四季变化特征.四季全部调查海域中出现的优势鱼种有8种:带鱼、小黄鱼、黄鲫、发光鲷、细条天竺鲷、鳀、鳄齿鱼和刺鲳,其中带鱼和小黄鱼是常年优势种.鱼种季节迁移变化以黄海南部波动最大,东海中部相对较为稳定,东海北部稳定性介于两者之间.生物多样性指数中丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H′)变化趋势一致,在春、夏两季3个区域相差不大,而在秋、冬两季黄海南部与东海北部和中部有明显分异;种类均匀度指数(J′)在四季节3个区域之间相差不大.在暖季(夏、秋)南部鱼类呈向北迁移,而在冷季(冬、春)北部的鱼类有向南迁移的趋势.

Studies on the seasonal characteristics of fish communities structure and diversity are conducted, based on data from bottom trawl surveys in 4 seasons of 2000 in the East China Sea and the Huanghai Sea. Around all survey areas there were totally 8 dominant species in 4 seasons, which were Trichiurus japoni- cus, Pseudosciaena polyactis, Setipinna taty, Acropoma japonicum, Apogon lineatus, Engraulis japonicus, Champsodon capensis, Psenopsis anomala. Trichiurus japonicus and Pseudosciaena polyactis were dominant around 4 seasons, and the other species were only dominant partly in 4 seasons. During the 4 seasons the fish＇s movement in the north of the Huanghai Sea was the strongest, in the middle of East China Sea the weakest and in the north of East China Sea middle. The biodiversity indexes of species richness index（D）, Shannon-Wiener index（H＇） shown the same trend： there were not apparent differences among three areas in spring and summer, but in autumn and winter the indexes of the south of yellow sea became lower, and that of the north and the middle of East China Sea became higher. Species evenness index（J＇） shown no apparent differences among 4 seasons and 3 areas. By comparison it was found that during summer and autumn the south fish communities are in the trend of migrating to the north, on the other hand the north fish communities are in the trend of migrating to the south during spring and winter.