西南岩溶地区生态退化及重建

Ecosystem Degradation and Ecological Rehabilitation in Southwest Karsts Region

岩溶地区属于典型的生态脆弱带,极易受到影响和破坏,其生态退化特征为森林生态系统退化、水土流失和石漠化等。生态退化的原因在自然环境方面主要包括地质地貌、气候水文和植被基础,在人类活动方面包括人口剧增、资源不合理利用和生活贫困等。针对这些问题,建议采取控制人口、恢复植被、加强能源建设和发展生态农业等一系列措施。

The karst region that belongs to the typical fragile ecosystem is easily affected and destroyed. The characteristics of ecosystem degradation are represented by the degradation of forest ecosystem, soil erosion and rock desertification. The southwest area with Guizhou province as the centre is the supreme karsts region in the world. The serious ecological problems such as germ storeroom degradation, minus rising of area soil layer, soil erosion and rock desertification have appeared due to the mutual affection of natural environment and human action, The aspect of natural environment mainly includes geology, physiognomy, climate hydrology and the basis of vegetation. The aspect of human action includes the leap of population, the inadequate use of resource and poverty. According to these problems, we should take a series of measures of controlling population and restoring vegetation.