1Mathieu N,Cnudde N,Engelman E,et al.Intranasal sufentanil is effective for postoperative analgesia in adults[J].Can J Anaesth,2006,53:60-66.
2Fournier R,Weber A,Gamulin Z.Intrathecal sufentanil is more potent than intravenous for postoperative analgesia after total-hip replacement[J].Reg Anesth Pain Med,2005,30:249-254.
3Ivani G,Tonetti F.Postoperative analgesia in infants and children:new developments[J].Minerva Anestesiol,2004,70:399-403.
4Howard RF.Current status of pain management in children[J].JAMA,2003,291:695.
5Savoia G,Loreto M,Gravino E.Sufentanil:an overview of its use for acute pain management[J].Minerva Anestesiol,2001,67:206-216.
2Sohn VY, Zenger D, Steele SR. Pain management in the pediatric surgical patient[J]. Surg Clin North Am,2012,92(3) :471- 485.
3Kim HS, Kim CS, Kim SD, et al. Fascia iliaca compartment block reduces emergence agitation by providing effective analgesic properties in children [J]. J ClinAnesth,2011,23(2):119- 123.
4Capdevila X, Biboulet P, Bouregba M, et al. Com- parison of the three-in-one and fascia iliaca compart- ment blocks in adults: clinical and radiographic a- nalysis[J]. Anesth Analg, 1998,86(5) : 1039- 1044.
5De Tran QH, Clemente A, Finlayson RJ. A review of approaches and techniques for lower extremity nerve blocks[J]. Can J Anaesth, 2007,54 (11) : 922- 934.
6Paut O, Sallabery M, Schreiber-Deturmeny E, et al. Continuous fascia iliaca compartment block in children a prospective evaluation of plasma bupiva- caine concentrations, pain scores, and side effects[J]. AnesthAnalg, 2001,92(5) :1159- 1163.
7Beilin Y, Halpern S. Focused review ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for epidural labor analgesia[J]. Anesth Analg, 2010,111(2) :482- 487.
8Snidvongs S, Nagaratnam M, Stephens R. Assess- ment and treatment of pain in children [J]. Br J Hosp Med,2008,69(4) :211- 213.
9Russell P, yon Ungern-Sternberg BS, Schug SA. Perioperative analgesia in pediatric surgery [J]. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 2013,26 (4) : 420- 427.