藏区城镇、农业、牧业社区文化比较研究——以甘南夏河县为例

Comparative Study on Community Culture among Town,Farm Belt and Pasturing Area of Tibetan——Case Study of Xiahe County Gannan

甘南藏族自治州的夏河县这一地处汉藏交汇地带的社区文化分析是个值得研究的领地,本文把以文化特征为分析单位和以社会或部落整体为分析单位的研究融合起来综合考察。研究发现城区、农区和牧区的社区文化在下述几个方面各具特点:生计方式方面,农区以农业和兼业为主,牧区以牧业为主,城区的职业最为多元;生活方式方面,城区、农区的生活方式受汉族影响大,牧区则保留较多的藏民习俗;社区组织方面,牧区的行政管理组织松散、传统社区组织对牧民影响大,农区的村级组织比较松散,镇区的街道组织作用较弱;家庭结构方面,牧区以扩大家庭为主,农区和城区以核心家庭为主;价值观念方面,牧区的现代意识较弱,而城区和农区较强。

Xiahe county in Gannan Tibetan autonomous atate is a place worth to research for the reason the Han and Tibetan culture cross. The paper, based on the culture profile and social or integrated tribe analysis, it＇s found that, there are following characteristics in town, farm belt and pasturing community culture of Tibetan： for the way fof making living, farm belt more depend on agriculture, pasturing area more depend on pasture, and the occupation in the town arc various, for the way of living style, town and farm belt are more impacted by the Han People, pasture remains more original Tibetan custon, for the community institution, administration is incompact in pasture area, and the traditional community institution is more powerful, the village levelinstitution of farm belt and town is relax, for the family structure, pasture have more expanding family, farm and town have more core family, for the value conception, modernization sense is weak in pasture but comparatively strong in fam belt and pasture.