广州地区犬伤特点及两种疫苗免疫效果分析

Analysis of feature of wounds bitten by dogs and results of immunization with two vaccines in Guangzhou City

目的 了解广州地区犬伤特点，选择比较不同种抗狂犬病疫苗的免疫效果，为疫苗的选择和狂犬病的防治提供科学依据。方法抽取2005年1～12月份治疗的犬伤者1083人，根据登记记录，了解犬伤特点，对伤口给予正确处理，按就诊者意愿选择接种人用狂犬病纯化疫苗（地鼠肾细胞）（甲组）及人用VERO细胞狂犬病疫苗（冻干疫苗）（乙组），并在全程接种疫苗后2周采血，检测抗狂犬病毒抗体水平，比较免疫效果和副反应发生率。结果犬伤者男性多于女性，以上肢、单处伤和浅层伤多见；10d内伤口愈合者占绝大多数；免疫后乙组抗体阳性率90．2％高于甲组73．7％，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；甲组异常反应高于乙组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论伤口经正确处理．可在短期内愈合，甲组和乙组疫苗都有较好的免疫水平，建议在检测和抢救条件稍差的基层单位，最好选择异常反应较少的冻干狂犬病疫苗。

Objective To survey the feature of wounds bitten by dogs in Guangzhou City and analyze the results of immunization. Methods 1 083 patients bitten by dogs were divided into Group A immunized with full course of homemade human rabies vaccine and Group B immunized with imported Vero cell rabies vaccine respectively, Antibody levels were monitored 2 weeks after regular vaccination. Side - effect after immunization with the two vaccines were observed, Results More male patients were bitten than female ones, The seroconversion rates 2 weeks after immunization with imported Vero - cell vaccine in Group B was 90.2% and only 73.7 % in Goup B immunization with homemade vaccine （ P 〈 0.05）. In addition, less side effects were observed in Group B （P 〈 0.05）, Conclusion Higher immune levels were observed in both of Group A and B, It is suggested that imported Vero cell vaccine be chosen by medical units at grassroots level where medical facilities are relatively poor.