太原市479名婴幼儿湿疹发病率及相关因素调查

Analysis of Factors Relevant to the Onset of Eczema in 479 Infants in Taiyuan

目的调查太原市3岁以内婴幼儿湿疹发病与性别、年龄的关系,各年龄组患儿湿疹发病情况的差别。方法采用回顾性问卷方式调查479名3岁以内婴幼儿中湿疹发病率与患儿的喂养方式、父母平素烟酒嗜好及饮食、母孕期和哺乳期饮食结构及平素脾气性格、家族遗传过敏史对本病的影响,以及湿疹伴随症状、复发和加重因素、自愈率等,进行逐项询问并详细记录,最后对数据进行统计学分析。结果2004年3月-8月间太原市两城区479名3岁以内婴幼儿中有169名患湿疹,发病率为35.28%,其中男90例、女79例,男女患病率间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。发病年龄主要集中在1～6月龄之间,共125例(73.96%),>0.5～2岁者22例(13.02%),>2～3岁者23例(13.61%)。母乳喂养者105例(62.13%),混合喂养者39例(23.08%),人工喂养者25例(14.79%)。其它与湿疹相关的因素主要有家族遗传史、气候、过敏体质等。结论喂养方式、家族遗传过敏史等是婴幼儿湿疹的主要相关因素。

Objective To study the incidence of eczema and its relevant factors. Methods Retrospective questionnaires were distributed to 479 infants, which including feeding patterns, their parents＇ habits of smoking, drinking and food, mother＇s tropic structure and temper during pregnancy and breast feeding period, and some other factors may relevant to eczema. Genetic background, simultaneous phenomenon, factors resulting relapse and aggravation also have been investigated in our study. Then, these data were collected and analyzed by statistics. Results The incidence of eczema is 35.28% and there was no difference between male and female （P〉0.05）. 73.96% of eczema were taken place at the age of 1-6 months, 13.02% were at the age of 6 months to 2 years, and 13.61% were at the age of 2-3 years. The incidence of eczema is also relevant to feeding patterns, which is 62.23%, 23.08% and 14.79% respectively by breast-feeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding. Some other factors that relevant to the onset of eczema also have been found in the study, such as constitution, weather, genetic background, and so on. Conclusion Feeding pattern, genetic background and some other factors were relevant to the onset of eczema.