深圳市0～6岁儿童伤害流行状况及影响因素研究

A study on prevalence and risk factors of injures in children aged 0～6 years in Shenzhen city

目的了解深圳市0～6岁儿童伤害的流行病学特点，探讨儿童伤害的影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法，以深圳6大区的12个社区为研究社区，调查了3750名0～6岁儿童2001年的伤害状况，并对2001年全年内发生非致命性伤害的122名儿童进行1：1配对的病例对照研究。结果深圳社区0～6岁儿童非致命性伤害的年发生率为3．25％，男女比例为1．44：1。伤害类型前五位依次为意外跌落（60．66％）、烧烫伤（18．03％）、宠物咬伤（9．02％）、机械伤（4．92％）和交通事故（3．28％）。伤害医疗费用支出人均984．25元。儿童伤害的危险因素有散居儿童、危险的物理环境得分多、家庭子女数多、父亲职业为个体及商业工作者、儿童外向型性格、家中药品位置与热源放置不当；其保护因素有家庭经济收入高、家中地板防滑情况好、父亲职业为公务员、儿童接受过老师的安全教育等。结论伤害严重影响着深圳儿童的健康，它给家庭和社会造成沉重的经济负担。应针对儿童伤害的影响因素，及早开展伤害的干预控制。

Objective To observe the epidemiologieal characteristic of childhood injuries aged 0- 6 in Shenzhen city. Methods A total of 3 750 children aged 0-6 years and 122 children aged 0-6 years suffered non-fatal injury in 12 communities of Shenzhen were investigated by duster sampling method. Results The incidence rate of non-fatal injuries was 3.25 % among children aged 0- 6 years in Shenzhen. The ratio of male vs. female was 1.44：1. The first five leading injuries were unintentional fall （60.77%）, burn or scald （ 18.03 % ）, pet bite （9.02 % ）, maehanieal injuries （4.92 % ） and traffic related injuries （ 3.28 % ）. The average medical expense for injury treatment was 984.25 yuan （RMB）. The risk factors of childhood injury were management type, dangerous physical environmental score, the number of children in family, father as businessman, estraversion personality, heating resource in accessible place; the protective factors were high family income, anti-slippy floor, father as official, safety education from teachers. Conclusions Childhood injuries severely affected children health in Shenzhen, causing heavy economic burden to both family and society. According to risk factors of childhood injury, the intervention and control measures were suitable for Shenzhen communities.