垄作栽培对小麦植株形态和产量性状的影响

Effect of Raised Bed Planting on Plant Morphologies and Characteristics Related to Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

为了明确不同栽培方式对小麦生长发育的影响,采用比较研究的方法,研究了传统平作和垄作对小麦植株形态和经济性状的影响。结果表明,与传统平作麦田相比,垄作小麦旗叶和倒二叶变小,而倒四和倒五叶变大,有利于构建“松塔型”的理想株型;灌浆中期垄作小麦各叶位叶片干重高于传统平作小麦的相应叶位叶片,而收获前又低于传统平作小麦的相应叶位叶片;垄作小麦开花期茎秆的干重高于传统平作小麦,而收获前又低于传统平作小麦,表明垄作小麦的茎秆和叶片对籽粒的贡献大于传统平作小麦;垄作栽培使小麦各节间,尤其是基部节间缩短,株高降低,有利于提高小麦的抗倒伏能力;垄作栽培提高了小麦的经济系数和经济产量以及籽粒容重。与传统平作相比,小麦垄作栽培更有利于构建理想株型,更好地发挥群体功能,提高产量。

In order to understand the effect of different planting system on growth and development of wheat, method of comparison study was used for investigating the variations of plant morphologies and characteristics related to grain yield of wheat under different planting systems（flat planting and raised bed planting ）. The results showed that plant morphologies and characteristics related to gram yield of winter wheat changed greatly under the raised bed planting system compared to the flat planting system： firstly, the areas of upper two leaves（flag leaf and the leaf below the flag）of raised bed planting were smaller than those of flat planting; but the areas of basal leaves of former were larger than those of later, which was conducive to build up ＂ideal plant type＂ with the characteristic of pagoda; secondly, the leaves and stalk of raised bed planting were heavier than those of flat planting at theearly stage of grain milking; but lighter before harvesting. The results testified that the Leaves anu stalk of raised bed planting had more powerful ability of accumulating photosynthesis dry mass than those of flat planting and that the dry mass transported to grain from leaves and stalk of raised bed planting was more. That was one of the main reasons that harvest index and grain yield under the raised bed planting were higher. Raised bed planting for wheat was conducive to building up healthy wheat population and getting higher yield.