开花期喷施水杨酸对不同类型专用小麦品种籽粒淀粉及产量的影响

Effect of Spraying Salicylic Acid (SA) at Anthesis on Grain Starch Properties and Yield of Winter Wheat Cultivars with Different End-use Qualities

为给水杨酸（SA）在小麦高产和淀粉品质调优栽培中的应用提供理论依据，2003～2004年度在大田试验条件下以强、中、弱筋三种类型冬小麦品种豫麦34、豫麦49和豫麦50为供试材料，在开花前3d和开花后7d喷施浓度分别为0、0．5、1．0和1．5g／L的SA，研究其对三种类型专用小麦品种籽粒淀粉组成、特性与产量的影响。结果表明，开花期喷施适宜浓度的SA可以提高淀粉含量、淀粉的支／直比例、粘度参数和强筋小麦的膨胀势，有利于小麦淀粉品质的改善，但对不同类型专用小麦的千粒重、籽粒产量和总淀粉产量的调节效应明显不同，即开花期喷施SA可以提高强筋小麦的千粒重、籽粒产量和总淀粉产量，但1．5g／LSA处理对中筋小麦表现出负效应，与对照相比差异均达极显著水平，对弱筋小麦则无显著调节作用。在本试验条件下，从保证产量和改善小麦淀粉品质的角度来看，对于强筋和弱筋小麦而言，以1．5g／LSA处理效果最好；而中筋小麦以1．0g／LSA处理效果最好。

In order to provide basic theory for using SA（Salicylic acid）to improve grain yield and starch quality of winter wheat, field experiment was carried out in the growth season of 2003-2004. Three winter wheat cultivars were used in the experiment. Yumai 34, Yumai 49 and Yumai 50 referred tostrong-gluten, medium strong-gluten and weak-gluten cultiver, respectively, SA was sprayea twice to days before anthesis and 7 days after anthesis, respectively） at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/L, respectively. Grain yield, starch content and property in the 3 winter wheat cultivars were measured. The results showed that： （1） Spraying of proper concentration of SA was helpful for improvinggrain starch quality of winter wheat. For yumai49, a medium strong-gluten wheat cultivar, the ratio of amylopectin to amylose and the viscosity parameters were the highest in the treatment of SA of 1.0 g/L. For Yumai 34 and Yumai 50, the treatment of SA of 1.5 g/L got the highest values. （2） 1000- grain weight, grain yield and total starch yield were higher in treatments of SA at 1.0 g/L and 1.5 g/ L for Yumai 34, but these values were lower in treatments of SA at 1.5 g/L for Yumai49. As for Yu-mai 50, there was no significant difference among the treatments. Thus we concluded that, under the experimental eonditions, SA spraying at 1.5 g/L had the best regulative effects to improve grain yieldand starch quality for both Yumai 34 and Yumai 50. As for Yumai 49, the optimum concentration of SA was 1.0 g/L.