利用小麦与玉米远缘杂交诱导小麦双单倍体的研究进展

Advance on Producing Double Haploid of Wheat by Wide Hybridization between Wheat and Maize

利用小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)与玉米(Zea maysL.)进行远缘杂交,通过玉米染色体的消失而获得小麦单倍体胚,再经幼胚离体培养及染色体加倍诱导双单倍体(Double haploid,DH),是小麦单倍体育种的一种重要途径,用这种方法创建的DH群体是进行小麦分子标记研究和QTL分析的重要遗传材料。本文对DH群体创建过程中影响单倍体胚产生、单倍体及双单倍体植株形成等因素以及双单倍体的应用进行了综述,重点探讨了亲本选配原则、花期调节技术、2,4-D处理、玉米花粉和小麦柱头发育状况以及环境因素等对诱导单倍体胚效果的影响等方面的研究状况,同时对利用小麦与玉米杂交诱导小麦双单倍体技术进行了展望。

Wheat haploid embryo is obtained due to the maize （Zea mays L. ） chromosome elimination during wheat（Triticurn aestivurn L. ） and maize crosses. DH system is induced by young embryo culture and chromosome doubling, it is a high efficiency way to haploid breeding of wheat, DH population induced by wheat × maize is important material to wheat molecular marker and QTL analysis.The production of wheat haploid embryo, haploid plant, doubling haploia plant ana tne application of DH group, were summarized. The factors affecting the induction of wheat haploid embryos through wheat × maize,such as the principle of parents selection, techniques of syhchrohizing the florescence, methods of 2,4-D treatment, the developmental status of maize pollen and wheat stigma, environmental factors were reviewed in this paper, at the same time, we discussed the prospects of the technique of indueing DH groups through wheat and maize crosses.