3～14岁哮喘和变应性鼻炎患儿吸入性致敏原分布特征比较

Comparison of allergen spectrum in asthma and allergic rhinitis children with 3 - 14 years of age

目的 比较3—14岁哮喘和变应性鼻炎患儿吸入性致敏原分布特征的异同。方法2004-10—2005-10．北京儿童医院对527例哮喘和620例变应性鼻炎患儿进行吸入性致敏原皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test，SPT），分析比较检出阳性的致敏原在两组病例中的分布特征。结果哮喘和变应性鼻炎患儿SPT阳性检出率分别为77．8％和78．9％（X^2=0．823，P〉0．05）。户尘螨、粉尘螨、交链孢霉、猫上皮、艾蒿是两种疾病主要致敏原。哮喘患儿户尘螨、粉尘螨、混合霉菌的阳性率分别为64．6％、59．8％、8．8％，均高于变应性鼻炎患儿（49．5％、47．9％、3．9％，均P〈0．05）。变应性鼻炎患儿杂草花粉和艾蒿的阳性率分别为25．6％、26．0％，均高于哮喘患儿（19．3％、19．3％，均P〈0．05）。40．2％的哮喘和46．2％的变应性鼻炎为单致敏原阳性。尘螨霉菌混合致敏及尘螨宠物混合致敏在哮喘和变应性鼻炎中最为常见。结论尘螨、霉菌、夏秋季花粉和宠物是3～14岁哮喘和变应性鼻炎患儿主要吸入性致敏原，两病具有相似的致敏原分布特征，但尘螨及霉菌过敏多见于哮喘，夏秋季花粉过敏多见于变应性鼻炎。

ObJective To compare the allergen spectrum in asthma and allergic rhinitis children with 3 - 14 years of age. Methods Inhalant allergen skin prick test （SPT） were done in 527 asthma and 620 allergic rhinitis children respectively from Oct. 2004 to Oct. 2005. The positive rates of different allergen and allergen spectrum in asthma and allergic rhinitis were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference on the positive rates of SPT in asthma and allergic rhinitis （77. 8% vs78.9%, P 〉 0. 05 ）. The main inhalant allergens related to asthma and allergic rhinitis were Dermatophagoids pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoids farinae, altemaria, cat dander and mugwort. The positive rates of Der. p, Der. f and molds mixture in asthma were higher than those in allergic rhinitis（ 64. 6% vs 49. 5% ,59. 8% vs47. 9% ,8.8% vs 3.9%, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The positive rates of summer-autumn pollen and mugwort in allergic rhinitis were higher than those in asthma（25.6% vs 19. 3% ,26.0% vs 19. 3%, P 〈0. 05）. About 40. 2% asthmatic and 46. 2% allergic rhinitis children were single allergen sensitization. The multiple sensitization to mites, molds and pets were common in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Conclusion Mites, molds, pets and summer-autumn pollen are the main inhalant allergens related to asthma and allergic rhinitis children with 3 - 14 years of age. The allergen spectrums are similar in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Mites and molds allergy are more popular in asthma while summer-autumn pollen in allergic rhinitis.