延吉市学龄前儿童气质特点调研

Investigation the Ex-child in the School Age of Yanji City

目的：全面了解延吉市儿童的心理特征，探讨不同气质特点儿童的最佳抚育方式。方法：应用NYLS的《3～7岁儿童气质量表》PTQ，对延吉市区524名3～6岁儿童的气质特点进行调研。结果：①男孩的反应强度和坚持度较高，注意力偏低，情绪本质偏消极；女孩的注意分散度明显高于男孩（P〈0．01）；随着年龄的增长，各气质维度存在不同的变化趋势。②汉族儿童的注意分散度明显高于朝鲜族儿童；朝鲜族儿童的反应强度、情绪本质和坚持度明显高于汉族儿童（P〈0．01）；③男孩在易养型所占比例明显高于女孩，女孩在难养型和中间近易养型的比例明显高于男孩（P〈0．01）。结论：延吉市学龄前期儿童各气质维度在性别和年龄间具有不同程度的差异；气质特点存在着明显的种族差异；气质类型具有年龄和性别的差异；应为不同年龄、不同气质特点的儿童提供最适宜的抚育方式。

Objective ： Study the temperament characteristic of ex - child in the school age of Yanji city. Methods ： Investigate the temperament characteristic of 524 children from 3 - 6 years in Yanji city by 3 - 7 years old child qualities that apply the NYLS measures form PTQ. Results： 1. The boy＇s reaction strength with insist the degree is higher, the attention is low, the motion innate character is partial to negative; The girl＇s attention is asunder the degree is obvious higher than boy （P 〈 0. 01 ） ; Increase along with the age, each qualities factor degree of the child exist different variety trend. 2. The attention of Chinese child is asunder the degree is obvious higher than Korean child ; The reaction strength, motion innate character of the Korean child with insist the degree is obvious higher than Chinese child （ P 〈 0. 01 ） ; 3. The boy at easy type is higher than girl , girl at difficult and intermediate low types is obvious higher than boy （ P 〈 0. 01 ） . Conclusion ： Each temperament type factor of ex - child in the school age of Yanji city has differences for different degrees in gender and age, and exist obvious difference between two races.