城市固体废弃物沉降模型研究现状及其进展

Current situation and advance of research on settlement model for municipal solid wastes

城市固体废弃物(M SW)的沉降问题是卫生填埋法处理城市垃圾中的重点问题之一,现场监测和室内试验是建立合理计算模型的首要前提.但是,无论是现场试验还是室内试验,试验设备和技术方法还不成熟,有待进一步规范化.在室内外试验的基础上,各国学者相继提出了以传统土力学理论为基础的沉降计算模型、各种经验模型、流变模型、专门描述生物降解沉降计算模型以及综合模型.对上述沉降计算模型的提出背景及应用条件进行了简要评述.M SW特殊形成过程使其组成具有复杂性、多样性以及地域相关性等特点,造成现有模型存在一个共同问题,即模型参数的敏感性问题,这也是现有模型无法推广应用的重要原因之一.因此,沉降模型研究的重点问题之一就是模型参数随着时间、空间、应力以及生物降解、垃圾组成等因素的变化规律.考虑M SW的物理、化学、生物及力学特性建立综合的M SW沉降计算模型是今后研究的热点和难点.

One of the most important problems for dealing with municipal solid wastes （MSW） in sanitary landfills is the settlement characteristics of MSW, and the laboratory and field tests are the prerequisite to reasonable settlement building. Whereas, further standardization is required for test apparatus and means of laboratory and field tests. Several prediction settlement models of MSW have been established by researchers at home and abroad based on the information gained through laboratory tests and field tests. The working conditions and advantages and disadvantages of those models, such as traditional secondary compression models for soil, some experimental models, special decomposition settlement models and composite model have been summarized and discussed here. One of the premise reasons in generalizing above models is the sensitivity of model parameters which is a common problem caused by features of complexity, diversity and territorial relevance of the composition of MSW. Therefore, one of the most important tasks for establishing settlement model is to study the relations between model parameters and time, space, stress, biodegradation conditions and component of MSW. Establishing settlement model considering physical, chemical, biological and mechanical characteristics is a hot issue and nodus problem for MSW.