世居高原中长跑运动员“高住-低训”对VEGF、EPO的影响

Research on Effects of "Living High-Training Low" on Serum VEGF,EPO Concentration among Mid-long Distance Runners

将20名世居海拔2 260 m高原的中长跑运动员随机分成低氧组和对照组,让他们在模拟海拔4 000m低压低氧环境下进行4周“高住-低训”实验。结果显示:4周“高住-低训”后,低氧组运动员血红蛋白(Hb)、血球压积(Hct)没有明显改善,红细胞生成素(EPO)、最大摄氧量(VO2max)、运动成绩均呈升高趋势,与实验前相比,没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但仍高于对照组。而在4周实验期间,低氧组运动员的血管内皮生长因子有显著性升高(P<0.01),并且明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此表明,世居高原中长跑运动员进行模拟高拔4 000 m的“高住-低训”是有效果的,但不明显。提示世居高原中长跑运动员在模拟海拔4 000 m居住的时间可以延长,或增加在较高海拔上的训练,这样可能对改善运动员的生理机能是有益的。

In present study, 20 subjects who were mid-long distance runners native of plateau above sea level 2 260 m were randomly assigned to control group and hypoxia group. The hypoxia group completed 4-wk ＂Living High-Training Low, Hi-Lo＂ （ exposure 8 hours under hypobarie chamber simulated altitude of 4 000 m every day, training on the place of 2 260 m in day）. The control group lived and trained on the place of 2 260 m above sea level. The results demonstrated that hemoglobin and hematocrit did not obviously rise, but serum erythropoietin, maximal oxygen uptake and sports performance in 3 000 m had tendency towards elevation in hypoxic group after 4-wk experiment. These results were higher than control group, but not difference （ P 〉 0.05）. The serum VEGF after Hi-Lo significantly increased than those before Hi-Lo, from 32.8±6.8 pg/mL to 43.2 ± 13.5 pg/mL（ P 〈 0.01 ）, in the hypoxia group. And there was also significant difference in serum VEGF between hypoxia group and control group in late experiment. The high level of VEGF went on two weeks after Hi-Lo in hypoxic group. So,Hi-Lo simulated 4 000 m above sea level is a few effects to mid-long distance nmner native of plateau. For obtaining more training effects, mid-long distance runner native of plateau should prolong time of living in hypobaric chamber or performed 2-3 ration loads on 4 000 m above sea level every week, such as aerobic training.