新疆公路自然灾害及对策

On Type,Cause and Prevention of the Natural Disasters along the Highways in Xinjiang

新疆地域辽阔,有“三山两盆”,自然环境复杂。公路分布具有翻山越岭,穿越沙漠,在山麓平原连续跨沟,绿洲区公路密度大等主要特点。公路自然灾害是伴随公路工程行为而产生的,因此,其具有沿公路呈带状分布的规律。由以环境退化为主引起的自然灾害发生地点多且较频繁,对公路交通影响大。区内公路自然灾害类型多,成因复杂。影响公路交通安全的自然灾害类型主要有滑坡、崩塌、山洪、泥石流及其二级类共16种,其形成与地貌条件复杂,干旱、寒冷、缺水、风沙活跃、土壤盐渍化重、暴雨时有发生等自然因素和公路工程行为有关。纵观公路自然灾害的分布、成因,与有关因素变化趋势,预测其有3种发展趋势,宜采取有针对性的防治原则和措施。

Xinjiang is vast with a morphological patter that the two large basins are between the three high mountains, and the natural environment is complicated. The road distribution has such main characteristics as going over hill and dale, passing through the desert, cross ditches in the piedmont plain, highway density being continuously big in oasis district and so on. The road natural disaster, always going with the highway engineering behavior, consequently, assumes the rule of belt-shaped distribution along the road. Caused mainly by the degradation of ecological environment, natural disasters occur frequently along the highways in Xinjiang, and they impact seriously the highway traffic. These natural disasters impacting the highway traffic in Xinjiang include mainly 16 kinds, such as the landslides, rock avalanches, floods and debris flows. Their formation is related to the natural factors, such as the aridity, shortage in water resources, frequent occurrence of sand drift disasters, coldness, serious soil salinization or alkalization and vulnerable ecological environment as well as the behaviors of highway construction. To make a comprehensive view on the spatial distribution and the formation causes of the natural disasters along the highways as well as the factors affecting the occurrence of these natural disasters in Xinjiang, it is predicted that there will be 4 change trends of the natural disasters along the highways in Xinjiang, and some suitable principles and measures of preventing and controlling the natural disasters should be taken.