濒危植物翅果油树种群传粉生物学研究

Pollination Biology of Endangered Elaeagnus mollis Diels Population

对山西省南部平陆、乡宁和翼城3个翅果油树（Elaeagnus mollis Diels）种群分别进行了传粉生物学观察。结果表明：（1）翅果油树花期一般为8～12d，单花花期3～4d，结实率仅为0．420；（2）访花者多属于膜翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目昆虫，蜂类是有效的传粉者；（3）翅果油树依靠芳香气味、花蜜、花粉和适度紧缩的生殖枝吸引访花昆虫；（4）昆虫的访花活动主要集中在11：00～16：00，访花活动易受气象因素影响；（5）自然条件下，翅果油树平均每日每花被访问的频次为（1．93±1．64）次，人工放蜂可显著增加传粉强度；（6）交配系统属居群内的异花传粉，仍属于广义的自花传粉范畴。传粉昆虫少，传粉效率低是翅果油树致濒的重要因素之一。

The pollination biology of three Elaeagnus mollis Diels populations,located in Pinglu,Xiangning and Yicheng in the southern part of Shanxi,were observed. It was shown that （1）In E. mollis the flowering lasts 8-12 days and the flowering of individual flowers lasts 3-4 days and the fruit-setting percentage was only 0.42 % ; （2） The flower visitors include Hymenoptera, Coleopteran, Diptera and Lepidoptera of which bees are effective pollination vectors; （3）E. mollis rely on its fragrance, nectar and pollen and moderately constrictive reproductive branches to attract flower-visiting insects; （4）Insects mainly visit flowers between 11：00 and 16：00 and their visiting is easily subject to meteorological factors; （5）Under natural conditions E. mollis is visited at a daily frequency of （1.93 ± 1. 64） on average and beekeeping practices can significantly enhance pollination; （6）The pollination is intra-population cross pollination but still belongs to generic self-pollination. Limited number of pollination insects with low pollination efficiency is one of the factors resulting in E. mollis in danger of extinction.