破骨细胞及其功能的调控

Osteoclastic cell and its functional adjustment

目的:骨量的减少是骨质疏松症的一个重要表现,破骨细胞作为骨吸收的主要细胞,对于骨量的变化具有重要作用。为进一步阐明骨吸收的机制,介绍有关骨吸收分子机制的研究进展。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1998-01/2004-12有关破骨细胞功能和骨吸收的机制文章,检索词“osteoclasts,boneresorption”。同时计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库1998-01/2004-04相关文章,检索词“破骨细胞,骨质吸收,整合素,细胞因子类”。资料选择:纳入标准:①基础研究。②临床研究。排除标准:重复研究。资料提炼:对有关文章找全文,围绕各种生物活性物质对破骨细胞功能的影响,选出有代表意义的16篇进行归纳总结,排除重复或类似的同一研究。资料综合:①破骨细胞及骨吸收机制:分为3个阶段:破骨细胞的黏附与极化过程;破骨细胞的骨吸收过程;破骨细胞的吞噬和转运过程。②刺激骨吸收和抑制骨吸收的细胞因子对破骨细胞功能的影响:刺激骨吸收的因子主要有集落刺激因子、白细胞介素1、白细胞介素6、淋巴毒素、肿瘤坏死因子α和转化生长因子α;抑制骨吸收的细胞因子主要有干扰素,转化生长因子β和白细胞介素4,它们通过不同的途径发挥作用。结论:影响骨细胞功能的因子是多种多样的。因子的相互作用使得破骨细胞的功能调控极其复杂。解释骨吸收机制必须进行全面、综合的考虑。

OBJECTIVE： A main symptom of osteoporosis is the decrease of bone quantum. Osteoclastic cell plays an important role in the process of bone resorption and the change of bone quantum. The study aims to further clarify the mechanism of bone resorption and introduce the development of molecular mechanism related with bone resorption. DATA SOURCES： The articles on the mechanism of bone resorption and the function of osteoclastic cell were searched by computer in the PubMed database from January 1998 to December 2004 using the key words of ＂osteoclasts, bone resorption＂. Meanwhile, the China Academic Journals Database and Wangfang database were retrieved to identify the related articles published between January 1998 and April 2004 with the key words of ＂osteoclastic cell, bone resorption, integrin, cell factors＂. STUDY SELECTION： Inclusion criteria： ①basic research. ②clinical research. Exclusion criteria： Repetitive research. DATA EXTRACTION： After the full texts on the subject were founded, and 16 articles of the influence of various biologically active substances on the function of osteoclastic cell were chosen and summarized. Repetition and analogous researches were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS： ①There were three phrases in the process of bone resorption： the process of adhesion and polarization, bone resorption, devourment and transference of osteoclastic cell. ②Influence of cell factors which stimulated or inhibited bone quantum on the function of osteoclastic cell： Different cell factors played different roles in the process of bone quantum. Colony stimulating factor （CSF）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）, IL-6, lymphotoxin （LT）, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and transforming growth factor alpha （TGF-α） were all active to stimulate the bone resorption, while interferon, TGF-β and IL-4 were repressive to bone quantum. CONCLUSION： There are various important factors influencing the function of osteoclastic cell. They interact each other closely to complicate the function regulation of osteoclastic cell. So, all the factors must be considered entirely and carefully when descripting the mechanism of bone resorption.