干细胞在听觉损伤治疗中的运用前景(英文)

Prospect of stem cells in the treatment of hearing loss

目的:总结近年来国内外有关干细胞在修复毛细胞丢失和损伤的研究近况,探讨干细胞替代疗法在听觉损伤方面的研究进展。资料来源:应用计算机检索Elsevier数据库1990-01/2005-05相关听觉损伤及干细胞修复的文献,检索词“stemcellsandhearingcellregeneration”。资料选择:对搜集的文献进行筛选。纳入标准:①毛细胞损伤与丢失。②听觉损伤与修复。③干细胞替代疗法治疗听觉损伤。排除标准:①干细胞的致瘤性。②综述文献、重复研究。资料提炼:共收集54篇关于听觉损伤修复文献,纳入17篇符合标准的文献,9篇文献对干细胞运用进行分析评价。资料综合:内耳细胞尤其是毛细胞及相关的神经元损伤丢失可导致听觉损伤和平衡觉失调。由于哺乳动物前庭和耳蜗毛细胞的再生修复能力非常有限,因此通常认为毛细胞的损伤丢失是导致感音神经性聋的主要成因,并且靠自身是无法再生与修复。细胞替代疗法在治疗耳聋性疾病方面具有广阔的运用前景,是近年来听觉研究领域十分关注的热点。移植治疗耳聋的最佳方法是利用耳源性干细胞。最近,研究者分别从刚出生大鼠的柯蒂氏器和成年小鼠的前庭椭圆囊分离出胚胎样多分化潜能的干细胞,内耳干细胞将是重塑毛细胞再生和恢复听觉功能的重要细胞源。结论:干细胞在治疗毛细胞丢失引发的听觉损伤方面具有重要价值,随着研究的深入细胞替代疗法必然呈现诱人的前景。

OBJECTIVE： To review latest researches about the restoration of hair ceils loss and injury by stem ceils at home and abroad, and probe into the development in investigations about stem-cell substitutive therapy of auditory injury. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search was conducted in Elsevier database for English literatures about restoration of heating impairment by stem ceils published from January 1990 to May 2005 by using the key words of ＂stem ceils and hearing cell regeneration＂. STUDY SELECTION： Collected literatures were screened. Inclusion criteria： ①Articles about hearing impairment and loss. ②Literatures on hearing impairment and restoration. ③Studies about stem-cell substitutive therapy of hearing impairment. Exclusion criteria：①Literatures about the oncogenicity of stem cells.②Reviews and repetitive studies. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 54 literatures about restoration of hearing loss were collected, and 17 papers were in accordance with the criteria, 9 papers in which made analysis and evaluation on application of stem cells. DATA SYNTHESIS： Degeneration of inner ear cells, especially sensory hair cells and associated neurons, results in hearing impairment and balance disorders. Since the regeneration capacity of hair cells in cochlear and vestibule.of mammals are limited, the loss of sensory hair cells is a major cause of neurosensory deafness, which can be hardly restored and regenerated by themselves. Cell substitutive therapy has a wide prospect in treatment of deafness, which is a hot issue in recent investigations of audition. The best method in transplantation treatment of deafness is to utilize otogenous stem ceils. Recently, researchers have isolated＇embryo-like stem ceils respectively from the organ of Corti in adult and newborn rats as well as vestibular utricles of adult mice. Therefore, the inner-ear stem ceils are an important source of ceils for remodeling the regeneration of hair ceils and recovering the auditory function. CONCLUSION： Stem cells play an important role in treatment of hearing impairment induced by hair cells loss, which has a promising prospect in cell substitutive therapy as development of further investigation.