烧伤患者住院期间自尊水平和社会适应能力调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the self-esteem level and social adaptation ability of hospitalized burn patients

目的调查分析烧伤患者自尊水平和社会适应能力,为提高烧伤患者社会和心理康复能力提供参考。方法对笔者单位收住院的120例烧伤患者,采用自尊量表和烧伤患者简易健康量表,对不同烧伤程度、性别、文化程度的患者的自尊水平及社会适应能力进行评分比较。结果在自尊水平方面,中、重度烧伤患者的综合评分[(167±21)、(154±24)分]均低于轻度烧伤患者[(183±23)分,P<0．01]。不同性别、不同文化程度的烧伤患者自尊水平不同。男性患者自尊评分中的自我评价、社交、外貌等3项指标及综合评分均明显高于女性(P<0．05)。高文化程度患者的自尊评分中的自我评价、学习能力均明显高于低文化程度患者(P<0．05)。轻度烧伤患者在社会适应能力评分上高于中、重度烧伤患者(P<0．01)。男性患者社会适应能力总体比女性患者高,但在躯体功能方面则明显低于女性(P<0．05)。低文化程度患者的心理功能、社会关系及综合状况评分均高于高文化程度者(P<0．05)。结论烧伤患者的自尊和社会适应能力存在个体差异。

Objective To investigate the self-esteem level and social adaptation ability of hospitalized burn patients in our burn ward. Methods One hundred and twenty hospitalized burn patients in our burn ward were enrolled in the study and evaluated according to their sex, severity of burn injury and education level. Their self-esteem level and social adaptation ability were scored with the Felling of Inadequacy Scale and Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale. Results The general score of self-esteem of the patients with mild burns（ 183 ± 23） was obviously lower than that with moderate and severe burns （167 ± 21 and 154 ± 24） , （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The self-esteem level of burn patients was different in different sex and education level. Among the self-esteem scores, male burn patients presented evidently higher scores of self evaluation, social ability, appearance, as well as the general score than those in the female （ P 〈0.05）. Moreover, the self evaluation score and study ability was higher in those with higher education level than those with lower education. Furthermore, the score of social adaptation ability was higher in the patients with mild burns than that in patients with moderate and severe burns （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The social adaptation ability and psychological function were much higher in male patients than those in female patients, but the former were weaker than the latter in regard to the body function. The psychological function, social relationship and general condition of the patients with lower education were better than those with higher education （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion There existed difference in the self-esteem and social adaptation ability in different burn patients during different periods.