三工河流域新老绿洲发育度的比较

Developed maturity degree of old and new Oasis in Sangonghe River Basin

绿洲是干旱区最重要的景观单元之一。人工绿洲是在干旱条件下经长期人类活动改造而形成的特殊景观。随着人类对绿洲水土资源开发利用程度的不断加强,绿洲呈现出不同的发展阶段。从天然绿洲到人工绿洲,是人类适应和改造干旱区自然环境的历程。在这一人地相互作用的过程中,绿洲显示出明显的发育演化特征。从多学科综合的角度,提出绿洲发育度的概念,并从灌溉体系的建设状况、水资源的利用水平、植被与生态建设、农业发展程度、社会经济水平和绿洲景观结构等7个方面提出了绿洲发育度的评价指标体系,以天山北坡2个人工绿洲为例,从空间上定量比较2个绿洲的发育程度,其中阜康市绿洲发育度高于222团绿洲(阜北农场)。

Oasis is one of the most important landscape units in arid region. Artificial oases are arid lands transformed by long-term human activities. As these human activities going on, the water and land utilization in the oasis are enhanced, and the oasis itself is in different degree of development. When natural oasis becomes artificial oasis, human activities changed the natural process to another course of oasis development. In the process of oasis development, there are interactions between man and the nature, and oasis presents noteworthy developmental and evolutional characters. From the multi-disciplinary view, the paper puts forward the definition of Developed Maturity Degree of Oasis （ODMD） and its assessing indicators system including the construction status of irrigation system, the utilization of water resources, the development of agriculture, soil and social-economy, and the landscape structure of oasis. Using expert system, the paper improved the weight method of indicators system and analyzed the importance degree, corresponding degree, modified importance degree and the perfect degree of the oases eventually. The results show that among the 38 indicators of ODMD, comparing the oasis of Fukang region with the oasis of No. 222 Regiment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps at the Sangong river basin on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, the developed maturity degree of oasis in the Fukang region is higher than that of the No. 222 Regiment.