苦瓜花芽不同分化期的形态学及糖含量变化研究

Study on morphology and the change of soluble sugar content of flower bud during different development stages in Momordical chaantia L.

通过石蜡切片观测苦瓜花芽形态结构,把苦瓜雄、雌花芽分化各分为5个典型时期,并测定其糖的含量。观测结果表明,苦瓜花芽分化首先要经过两性期,然后再分别向雌或雄的方向发育,在成熟的雄花中,雌蕊原基处呈扁平状,而在成熟的雌花中可以看见停止发育的雄蕊。对糖的测定结果表明,雌花在性别转变期糖含量达到最大值,然后急剧下降,而雄花的变化趋势比较平缓。据此推测,苦瓜由两性期向单性期转化时花芽需要消耗大量的能量和营养,如果没有足够的营养供应,会导致花芽的早期脱落。

The micro-morphological structure of flower bud differentiation of Momordica charantia L. was observed by paraffin slicing method. According to development of flower bud morphological structure, the stamen and pistil was divided into five typical stages, and the soluble sugar content at five stages was analyzed. The resuits showed that the flower bud differentiation process first underwent a hermaphroditic stage, and then developed along the direction of male or female. In mature male flower, pistil primordium was oblate, which the abortive stamens were observed in mature female flower. The soluble sugar content of female flower was the highest at bisexual-unisexual conversion development stage, and then sharply reduced ; but the changes trend of sugar content in male flower was gently. It is presumed that the flower bud need to consume much energy and nutrient at bisexual-unisexual conversion period, and the flower bud would fall off at early stage if lacking enough nutrients.