近20年博斯腾湖与岱海水位变化比较分析

Comparison of Water Level Changes During the Past 20 Years Between Daihai and Bositen lakes

岱海和博斯腾湖是分布在我国西部干旱半干旱地区的两个典型湖泊,在过去的几十年中受气候和人类活动影响,湖泊水位都发生了比较显著的变化,但在表现上却很不一样,尤其是80年代中期之后,水位一涨一落。本文从水盐平衡出发,通过对两处湖区气候、人类活动、湖泊水量和盐平衡的分析认为,岱海水位下降主要是流域上人类活动加剧的结果;而博斯腾湖水位上升则主要体现了水文对区域气候变化的响应,尤其是近年干旱区西部暖湿化作用下上游山区降水增加和冰川消融发挥了重要作用。

Daihai and Bositen lake are two typical lakes located in arid and semi-arid regions in western China. Under the effect of climate change and human activities the water levels changed greatly during the past decades in different ways. Especially after the middle of 1980s, water level of Daihai steadily declined while risen in Bositen lake. In this paper, after comparing of the climate, water and salt balance between the two catchments it was concluded that the water level decline in Daihai lake resulted from the intensive human activities while rise in Bositen lake was mainly because of climate change, especially the glacier melt played an important role.