小麦大群体育种方法研究初报

Preliminary Study on Macro-population Breeding of Wheat

本文主要通过十几年研究和实践,阐述了小麦大群体育种主要技术环节和研究结果:六倍体小黑麦×小麦杂种F_1不育株率为100％,不育度为96.1％,自交不育,人工回交很难结实,自然异交主穗结实8.55粒,每株结实32.25粒。BC_3F_1育性恢复正常,是最佳选择世代;杂种后代通过1.0～1.4万伦琴C_O^(60)—丁射线处理,出苗率25％左右;杂种后代类型分离广泛,BC_3F_1小麦型占96.97％、小黑麦型占3.08％;杂种后代模拟生产条件种植,有利选择;杂种后代采用定量选种法,杂种F_1、F_2、F4、F_6全部小区测产选,提高了选择的准确性。现已选到一批有希望的新品系,为北方春小麦育种探索了新途径。

The key technical links and results on macro-population breeding of wheat are described in the paper. The sterile percentage of the cross between hexaploid triticale and wheat was 100% and the degree of sterility was 96. 1%. The selfing progeny was sterile and the back-cross progeny hardly fruited. The fruit number on the leading spica of the natural exagamy plant was 8. 55 and the tatol on one plant was 32. 25. Fertility was restored in BC3F1, which Was the best generation for selecting. After treated with 10 to 14 thousand roentagen Co60-gama ray, the emergence rate of progeny was about 25 % and the separation of the progenies was wide. Wheat type accounted for 96. 97%, and triticale type accounted for 3. 08%. The progenies were planted with the method similar to production, which is good for selection. The progenies were selected with quantitative indexes. F1 ,F2,F4 and F6 were all selected by measuring the yields of plots. A batch of promising mew lines, has been developed.