注意缺陷多动障碍临床亚型部分注意特征的比较研究

Differentiation of characteristic of attention in different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

目的应用注意测验方法对注意缺陷多动障碍(attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)各临床亚型进行比较研究,了解ADHD各临床亚型注意特征的特点及有无差异。方法对七所小学三至六年级学生使用自编症状筛查表进行筛查,并根据美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版分为3个ADHD亚型组,对ADHD各亚型组和正常对照组儿童进行数字划销测验、无意与有意注意、注意广度测验测试。结果ADHD三个亚型组在数字划销测验的粗分[(88.83±30.07)分、(92.14±28.66)分、(83.79±24.33)分]、净分[(80.13±29.66)分、(84.86±30.39)分、(77.82±22.96)分]和失误率[(7.33±4.66)%、(10.29±11.93)%、(11.14±7.76)%],注意广度、有意注意和无意注意等注意特征方面,与对照组相比[(101.58±28.88)分、(95.37±27.59)分、(6.04±4.01)分],均差异有显著性(F值分别为3.97,4.60,4.33);但ADHD三个亚型组间的差异无显著性。结论ADHD各临床亚型患儿的注意特征没有明显差异,但均较正常儿童受损。

Objective Some attention test was applied to see characteristics and differences of attention among children with ADHD and controls. Method A Naturalized Symptomatic Screening Table was used to search three to six grade students, age 10.09 ± 1.10 years in seven elementary schools of Changsha China. According to criterions of DSM-IV, children with learning disability conduct disorders, mental retardation, emotional problems and other mental illnesses were excluded. One hundred and thirteen children with ADHD were compared with class, age, and sex matchecl eighty-three controls. All of them had received number cancellation test, involuntary and voluntary attention, and attention span test individually. Result Although the ADHD children performed significantly worse than controls on number cancellation test, involuntary and voluntary attention, and attention span test , there was no difference between the three subtype groups （ P〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion ADHD had significantly impaired in attention, but there was no difference between the three subtype groups.