心理咨询培训对学员心理防御机制的影响

The effect of psychological counseling training on the defense style of trainees

目的探讨心理咨询培训对学员心理防御机制的影响。方法采用一般情况表、防御方式问卷对研究组和对照组进行前后2次测试,研究组接受为期4月的心理咨询培训。结果第2次测试时研究组分裂[(3.68±1.18)分]、躯体化[(3.62±1.60)分]、消耗倾向[(2.93±1.03)分]、不成熟防御机制[(3.46±0.85)分]因子分低于对照组[分别为(4.14±1.23)分,(4.14±1.41)分,(3.41±1.45)分,(3.78±0.68)分],差异有显著性(P<0.05)。对照组各因子分前后两次测试差异无显著性(P>0.05),而研究组培训后潜意显现[(3.90±1.28)分]、幻想[(3.90±2.15)分]、分裂[(3.68±1.18)分]、躯体化[(3.62±1.60)分]、同一化[(2.13±1.53)分]、否认[(4.90±1.40)分]、不成熟防御机制[(3.46±0.85)分]、中间型防御机制因子分[(4.32±0.57)分]低于培训前,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。研究组男女性别间比较,培训后男性潜意显现、躯体化、理想化、交往倾向、中间型防御机制因子分低于女性,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。男性培训后较培训前潜意显现、掩饰因子分降低,女性培训后较培训前分裂、躯体化、解除、同一化、不成熟防御机制因子分降低,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论心理咨询培训有助于帮助学员重建防御机制,减少使用不成熟性、中间性防御机制。

Objective To explore the effect of psychological counseling training on the defense style of trainees. Methods The Demographic Data Form, Defense Style Questionnaire （DSQ） were used to evaluate the second term trainees of the West China Psychological Counseling Training Center in Sichuan and the subjects of the control group matched the training group in the genders, age, occupation and educational levels. The training group had been trained for the skills of the psychological counseling for 4 months. Results Of 137 subjects in the training group, 106 trainees and 98 control subjects completed all the instruments. In the first assessment, there were no significantly differences in the scores of all the factors between the two groups. But in the second assessment, for the training group, the scores of the immature defense mechanism （ 3.46 ± 0.85 ）, abruption （ 3.68 ± 1.18 ）, somatization （ 3.62 ± 1.60） and expending trend （ 2.93 ± 1.03 ） were lower than the control group （ 3.78 ± 0.68,4.14 ± 1.23,4.14 ± 1.41,3.41 ± 1.45, respectively）. All the factor scores of the instruments were no significantly differences between the first and second assessment for the control group. But for the training group, after training, the immature defense mechanism（ 3.46 ± 0. 85 ）, middle defense mechanism （ 4.32 ± 0.57 ）, acting out（3.90 ± 1.28）, fantasy（3.90 ±2.15）, abruption（ 3. 68 ± 1.18）, somatization（3.62 ± 1.60）, identity（2.13 ± 1.53 ） and deny being （4.90 ± 1.40 ） were lower than the before training （ 4.25 ± 1.37,4.49 ± 2.13,4.11 ± 1.36,4.15±1.77,2.49±1.81,5.31±1.42,3.76±0.93,4.48±0.67,respectively）. Conclusions Psychological counseling training can help trainees to rebuild the defense mechanism, to use the more mature defense mechanism and the less immature and middle defense mechanism.