青少年容貌、体质量自我评价与心理因素的关系

Appearance and weight perception with psychological factors among adolescents

目的调查青少年容貌和体质量感觉的性别特征及其与社会心理因素的关系。方法采用抑郁自评、孤独量表和自设问卷包括容貌和体质量自我评价,对597名青少年进行调查分析。结果(1)34%的男性和30%的女性青少年对他们的容貌感到满意,女性(12．4%)比男性(8．7%)对容貌感到不满意；女性比男性更可能感觉到体质量较胖(31．4%vs 24．7%)。(2)在不同容貌水平上,青少年抑郁[(36．7±6．0)分,(39．4±6．3)分,(43．7±6．9)分]和孤独得分[(37．4±9．7)分,(40．3±9．4)分,(46．7±10．9)分]都差异有极显著性(P＜0．01)；感觉超重女性的孤独得分[(42．1±10．2)分]高于低体质量[(38．4±9．4)分]和正常体质量组[(39．0±8．9)分](P＜0．05)。结论感觉超重的女性青少年体验更多的孤独感,而容貌比体质量自我评价对青少年心理因素的影响更大。

Objective To investigate the pattern of appearance and weight perception and their relationship with psychological distress among adolescents. Methods A total of 597 adolescents were investigated by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Self-rated Inventory （include body appearance and self-perceptions of weight status）. Results （ 1 ） 34% boys and 30% girls were satisfaction with their appearance, and more girls （12.4%）were dissatisfaction with their appearance than boys（ 8.7% ）. Perceived overweight was more likely to occur in girls than in boys（31.4% vs 24.7% ）, which also occur in the junior high school stage. （2）Significant differences were found in depression （36.7 ± 6.0, 39.4 ± 6.3, 43.7 ± 6.9 ） and loneliness （ 37.4 ± 9.7, 40.3 ± 9.4, 46.7 ± 10.9 ） among different appearance-perceptions groups, but significant differences were no found in depression and loneliness among different weight-perceptions groups. Perceived overweight girls were more likely to experience loneliness than perceived underweight and normal subjects （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Perceived overweight girls adolescents seem to suffer from more loneliness, whereas appearance perceptions may have more greater psychological influences than weight perception in adolescents.