国际刑事法院的普遍管辖权与自由主义国际秩序

Universal Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court and the International Order of Liberalism

作者从国际刑事法院的成立及其背景分析了国际刑事法院普遍管辖权的特点及其意义,并根据国际社会法治的3种模式,探讨了国际刑事法院普遍管辖权与自由主义国际秩序的关系。作者认为,国际刑事法院的普遍管辖权体现了自由主义国际秩序的基本价值,是当代国际法治从威斯特伐利亚法治模式向自由主义法治模式转变的重要标志。国际刑事法院的管辖权制度虽然具有一定的普遍性和强制力,但它是在补充性原则的基础上设计和运作的,是自由主义国际秩序的一种延伸或补充。国际刑事法院推动的国际社会法治应当朝着限制不负责任的权力、促进一定形式的政治和社会平等的方向发展。

This article examines the universal jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) from different perspectives, and explores the inherent relations between the ICC and the liberal international order by contrasting three models of global rule of law. The author argues that the universal jurisdiction of the ICC reflects the primary value of the liberal international order, and the ICC represents a shift from a Westphalian to a liberal-legalist model of international rule of law. Although the jurisdiction of the ICC has a universal and mandatory feature, it is designed and operated under a complementarity principle, which is one of the cornerstones of the Rome Statute, thus becoming an extension of and supplement to the liberal international order. Nevertheless, the rule of law in the international community should further constrain unaccountable power and thereby uphold and promote certain forms of political and social equality.