杏花粉的低温与超低温贮藏研究

STUDIES OF LOW AND SUPOR-LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE IN POLLENS OF APRICOT

将广杏和大接杏花粉保存在５℃、－２０℃和－３０℃条件下试验表明：随着温度的下降，花粉萌芽率和高活力花粉比率都有提高。５℃条件两种花粉可以有效保存２个月，而大接杏贮藏６个月后萌芽率仍可达到５．８％。－２０℃和－３０℃条件可以保存花粉一年左右，同一个品种，这两种温度对花粉活力影响差异不大。研究表明：只要含水量适宜，花粉不经预处理，直接投入ＬＮ２也能获得良好的保存效果，０℃、１６℃和３７℃的化冻温度均能保持花粉较高的萌发率，但对高含水量的花粉３７℃化冻效果较好。ＬＮ２保存一年后田间授粉结实率与新鲜花粉没有显著差别。

The pollens of “Guangxing” and “Dajiexing” apricot were stored at 5℃,-20℃ and -30℃. The results of Germination test showed that the percentage of pollen germination and vigor were increased as the storage temperatures dropped. pollens could be stored at 5℃ effectively for two months , although the germination percentage of “Dajiexing” pollen would dropped to 5.8% when the pollens were stored for 6 months. The Storage life of pollen at -20℃ or 30℃ would reach one year or so with no significant difference in the viability in between two batches of pollens of same culture at different temperatues . Apricot pollens with suitable water content couid be put in to and preserved in LN 2 successfully without pretreatment. Pollen germination would reach a high percentage , when rehydration temperature at 0℃、16℃ or 37℃ was kept. The pollen with high water content should be thawed after LN 2 storage only in water at 37℃ . Fruit set percentage in field of stored pollen in LN 2 for one year was similar with that of fresh pollen .